Mindfulness or expectancy? The label of mindfulness leads to expectancy effects

The increasing popularity of mindfulness practices has seen an accompanying growth in research that includes the development several self-report measures. However, while caution been recommended use these self-reports, there little direct assessment their susceptibility to expectancy effects. This aimed at understanding whether effects exist for self-reported measures (Study 1; n = 60), and how might manifest relation positive negative 2; 60). first study manipulated (i) task (jigsaws) was labelled as “mindfulness,” (ii) “authentic” instructions were given. Given any increases potentially occur due engaging mindful attentionally demanding task, second introduction placed a or context. A pre-/post-test design employed using Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Applied Process Scale Perceived Stress well-being. findings revealed simply term direction could be manipulated. suggests researchers need cautious evaluating self-reports practice effects, especially context brief interventions without objective